ملخص الدراسة: The sheltering and housing for special hardship cases families is one of main objectives of UNRWA._x000D__x000D_ It contributes to alleviating the suffering of poor refugee families. There are many problems beyond noninterference in the process of housing, which negatively affects human dignity and the right to housing. This_x000D__x000D_ paper aims to improve the […]

ملخص الدراسة: Background and problem: Integrating lean and green_x000D__x000D_ principles while implementing construction project has_x000D__x000D_ become an important aspect of modern construction._x000D__x000D_ Lean construction and green building are used to maximize the economic benefits, address quality, reduce waste_x000D__x000D_ and minimize the negative environmental impacts in construction._x000D__x000D_ Aims: The objectives of this paper were to measure […]

ملخص الدراسة: Cost escalation is one of serious difficulties that_x000D__x000D_ facing the construction industry. The construction sector_x000D__x000D_ suffers from ever-increasing cost of raw materials,_x000D__x000D_ construction inputs and inflation in domestic and_x000D__x000D_ international markets. The aim of this paper is to identify_x000D__x000D_ factors affecting the cost escalation in construction projects in_x000D__x000D_ the Gaza Strip. This will […]

ملخص الدراسة: In this paper, an effective transmission scheme is proposed for asynchronous cooperative networks with two relays. The need for synchronization is obviated by allowing a single relay to be active in each time-slot of the transmission. However, the scheme still achieves a cooperative diversity order of two through some simple operations introduced at […]

ملخص الدراسة: Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) has been recently proposed for MIMO communication systems. It comes to enhance the overall throughput over conventional spatial modulation (SM) techniques. This article investigates the using of this new SM technique in Multi-user MIMO networks, denoted here as MU-QSM. Unlike existing SM techniques, the QSM creates additional spatial constellation […]

ملخص الدراسة: In a time of catastrophes like war or earthquake,_x000D__x000D_ people forced to leave their houses and live in tents or remote_x000D__x000D_ areas. In both cases, utilities such as electricity, hot water, and_x000D__x000D_ probably toilet need to be provided urgently. Maker movement_x000D__x000D_ creates a creativity on the mind of engineers. Engineers use_x000D__x000D_ knowledge, which […]

ملخص الدراسة: Conventional methods of traffic light systems are unable to deal with the ongoing issues surrounding congestion. The current traffic light models are not suited to tackle problems such as traffic jams, ease of access for emergency vehicles and prevention of accidents. In order to counteract these issues, we propose the ‘Smart traffic light […]

ملخص الدراسة: Penetration of renewable resources increases the global demand for high-efficient Energy Storage Technology (EST) that deals with reduction in the emission of green-house gases causing environmental hazards/pollutions, thereby ensures cleaner environment and more reliable energy storing systems. This article provides a mini review on various types of Electrical Energy Storage Technologies (EEST), which […]

ملخص الدراسة: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems suffer from significant out-of-band (OOB) radiation. All existing techniques have several drawbacks as wasting spectral or time resources. Time domain windowing is a well-known technique where an extended smoothing window is multiplied by the modulated signal. This window reduces the signal spectrum sidelobes, however, it extends the resource […]

ملخص الدراسة: In this work, dispersion characteristics and sensitivity of the propagation of TM surface plasmon through the proposed waveguide sensor. The proposed sensor containing a graphene at a finite distance filled with metamaterials (MTM) from plasmonic layer and sandwiched by dielectric layers. We numerically demonstrate the proposed waveguide structure as a novel graphene surface […]