ملخص الدراسة: Endowments (waqf) played a significant role in the prevalence of religious and charitable buildings in Egypt and Syria during Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. Endowment inscriptions were commonly used in Syria—almost on façades and entrances—to protect the endowed buildings from the robbing, damaging, or falsifying of their title deeds.   This paper investigates one […]

ملخص الدراسة: The present study sheds light on a rare type of Rasulid dinars, namely the coins of Sultan El Mu’ayyad Da’ud, which were the first to represent the type and to imitate the Hafsid dinars that are distinguished by their square-in-circle design. The present study tackles various issues in an attempt to explain this […]

ملخص الدراسة: The research aims to publish a palette inscribed with Mosnad Humairi script for the first time, it is said that this painting is the rest of the remaining Ghumadan famous Palace, which is displayed at Zaki Pasha's Mosque in Giza Governorate. The research is divided into five parts; the first part is the Introduction, […]

ملخص الدراسة: A new archaeological survey in Wadi Abu Subeira and el-Aqaba el-Saghira by a team from the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities has recently identified many new rock art sites. So far, nine sites with Late Palaeolithic rock art have been identified in Wādi Abū Subeira and only one in Aqba.  The Late Palaeolithic […]

ملخص الدراسة: This paper deal with the study of ten foundation inscription on the ottoman monuments in Tripoli, the inscriptions found in eight monuments such as: Awayseya mosque (940/ 1534), Mahmoudya madrasa (995/ 1587), Tawbah Mosque (1021/ 1612) and  Mahmoud al- sangak Minaret (1295/ 1878).           The foundation inscriptions contains five basic elements, the basmala […]

ملخص الدراسة: تميَّزت الدولة المصربة القديمة بتنظيم إداري مُحْکَم ودقيق المهام، يحتوى على العديد من المکاتب الإدارية، حيث تختص کل إدارة بمهام واختصاصات معينة، وقد ظهر في عصر الدولة الوسطى العديد من هذه المکاتب الإدارية منها: مکتب يُعْرَف باسم xA n dd rmT مکتب إمداد مزود الأيدي العاملة، أو مکتب التخديم، أو مکتب العمل، الذي […]

ملخص الدراسة: Proverbs are very short sentence of popular speech of everyday life, which indicate indirectly special issue concerning politic, administrative and social life etc. The history and origin of Mesopotamians proverbs goes back to the early dynasty when they used it orally until the Sumerian invented writing approximately 3400 BCE. There after schoolteacher used […]

ملخص الدراسة: Justice is one of the Assyrian’s Kings Titles during the Sargon II dynasty 721-612 BCE. They used to say that they loved justice. Despite of the existing of courts and judges, High rank officials and astrologer prefer to complain to the king directly using their corresponding to the king to state their problem […]

ملخص الدراسة: The Nabataeans were a group of nomads, living in The Arabian desert, who banded together and held central of a rather vast area for over 400 years. At this peak, the Nabataeans stretched from modern-day Madain Saleh to Damascus and from Western Iraq into Peninsula of Sinai according to some historians. No one […]

ملخص الدراسة: In Samarkand’s cemeteries was spread a distinctive type of gravestones, made of large-sized river stones. It is a natural stone formed by nature, which gave it irregular shapes. This type of gravestone was common in Samarkand in the period from the third century AH/ the Ninth century CE until the beginning of the […]