ملخص الدراسة:

◙  Chapter One: Introduction: Type of communication apprehension in the classroom

§ Writing Apprehension (WA)
§ Receiver apprehension
Prevention
§ Treatment approaches
§ The main elements of effective direct instruction
§ How does questioning help student learning ?
§ What does effective interaction entail ?
§ When and how often to use questioning
§ Language development approach

◙   Chapter Two:  Listening Comprehension Problems 

§ Introduction
§ Memory
§ Rapid speech
§ Vocabulary
§ Five common listening comprehension problems
§ A comparison of learners with different listening abilities
§ Strategies for effective listening
§ How to teach the strategies
§ Direct strategy: Perception and strategy practice
§ Indirect strategy: Metacognitive awareness raising activities
§ Educational interventions

◙   Chapter Three: Speaking Problems

§ Introduction
§ Functions of speaking
§ What makes speaking difficult
§ The Educational Intervention
§ Instruction for children with language problems
§ Developing vocabulary
§ Developing sentence skills
§ Developing speaking skills
§ Guidelines for a free/creative speaking activity
§ Examples of guided and free speaking activities
§ Implication for Teaching
§ Conclusion

◙   Chapter Four:  Reading Problems

§ Approaches of teaching reading
§ Reading problems
§ Processing
§ Auditory processing
§ Phonological processing
§ Language processing
§ Memory
§ Attention
§ English language learning
§ Decoding difficulties
§ Signs of decoding difficulty
§ Comprehension difficulties
§ Signs of comprehension difficulty
§ Retention difficulties
§ Signs of retention difficulty
§ Overcoming and treating reading problems
§ Reading Recovery
§ Phonological awareness
§ Visual perception of letters
§ Word Recognition
§ Phonics/Decoding Skills
§ Phonics /structural analysis
§ Fluency/Automaticity
§ Comprehension
§ Balanced, structured approach
§ Early intervention
§ Individual tutoring
§ Treatment trends

◙   Chapter Five: Writing Problems

§ Causes of writing problems
§ Types of writing problems
§ Spelling problems
§ Handwriting
§ Curriculum access for children with spelling and handwriting difficulties
§ Written Expression
§ Paragraph revision checklist
§ General Strategies For written expression
§ Dealing with writing problems
§ Helping reluctant writers
§ Characteristic problems of reluctant writers
§ Dealing with reluctant writers' problems
§ Dysgraphia
§ Deficits of revisualization
§ Manuscript or Cursive?
§ Spelling
§ Educational interventions
§ Written expression
§ Diagnostic tests
§ Educational interventions

◙   Chapter  Six: Enrichment Activities for Developing the Four Language Skills

§ Introduction
§ A- Phonological a awareness activities for developing listening and speaking
§ Vocabulary enrichment through word association

B- Vocabulary Development