ملخص الدراسة: تميَّزت الدولة المصربة القديمة بتنظيم إداري مُحْکَم ودقيق المهام، يحتوى على العديد من المکاتب الإدارية، حيث تختص کل إدارة بمهام واختصاصات معينة، وقد ظهر في عصر الدولة الوسطى العديد من هذه المکاتب الإدارية منها: مکتب يُعْرَف باسم xA n dd rmT مکتب إمداد مزود الأيدي العاملة، أو مکتب التخديم، أو مکتب العمل، الذي […]

ملخص الدراسة: Proverbs are very short sentence of popular speech of everyday life, which indicate indirectly special issue concerning politic, administrative and social life etc. The history and origin of Mesopotamians proverbs goes back to the early dynasty when they used it orally until the Sumerian invented writing approximately 3400 BCE. There after schoolteacher used […]

ملخص الدراسة: Justice is one of the Assyrian’s Kings Titles during the Sargon II dynasty 721-612 BCE. They used to say that they loved justice. Despite of the existing of courts and judges, High rank officials and astrologer prefer to complain to the king directly using their corresponding to the king to state their problem […]

ملخص الدراسة: The Nabataeans were a group of nomads, living in The Arabian desert, who banded together and held central of a rather vast area for over 400 years. At this peak, the Nabataeans stretched from modern-day Madain Saleh to Damascus and from Western Iraq into Peninsula of Sinai according to some historians. No one […]

ملخص الدراسة: In Samarkand’s cemeteries was spread a distinctive type of gravestones, made of large-sized river stones. It is a natural stone formed by nature, which gave it irregular shapes. This type of gravestone was common in Samarkand in the period from the third century AH/ the Ninth century CE until the beginning of the […]

ملخص الدراسة: This is an extensive study about the inscription of the cistern of Yacqūb Shāh al-Mihmandār in Cairo (901/1495-96). This Cistern is small building existing at the foot of the citadel; however it is very important building, not only for its function but also for the content of its inscription. In spite of there […]

ملخص الدراسة: Theartistic and archaeological study of a unique Collection of marble compositions in Sersmos village, Monoufia governorate – which aren’t registered as Islamic monuments – is very significant given the fact of few number of these particular marble compositions in cemeteries in rural regions if compared with large number of the wooden compartments. This […]

ملخص الدراسة: Gravestones have a major significance in history and archaeology for being authentic historical documents that reveal many aspects of ancient societies pertaining to their population, races, religious culture, language, professions, trades, and many other aspects. Given that the heritage of Gaza has been subjected to destruction due to political conflict and negligence, the […]

ملخص الدراسة: The proposal of new names or designations of the culture’s elements is common in the science. The research deals with this idea and it contradicts a view about a new name of the Sinaitic Writing. The Sinaitic Writing is a very important element not only of the Egyptian civilization but also of the […]

ملخص الدراسة:   The Sharifian Saadi Dynasty ruled Morocco for more than one century and a half, during which the Saadians achieved numerous political and military victories, the foremost of which are defeating the Portuguese army in the famous Battle of Oued El Makhazeen in AH 986/1578 CE and taking control over western Sudan. Moreover, […]